Abu Haddad

In Arabia magicians are punished with death by burning I endorse this reseloution

justice to the people does not equal killing them

the turks ended it. They were basically mongols who seized control and turned islam into what it is today broken and fragmented

When islamophobia-- freedom of speech and right to take offence. When antisemitism-- Racism, Nazi, terrorist and murderer. When ate zionist-- terrorist sympathiser, suspend him and arrest him

black bread, vodka and beef

but how about have alliances tax trade on the global market in order to force nations to buy from alliance. like the tariff system between America and Chinese steel

way too confusing

no it was the mongols and infighting between muslims and the loss of Iberia

it is market manipulation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Flash_Crash https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoofing_(finance)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Musa_al-Khwarizmi he invented algebra and algorithms he even created the numbers system and introduced decimals https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_numerals And that is why you would all be illiterate peasants if not for the islamic golden age which led to the renaissance

we have been brought up to believe that western civilisation predominates and is responsible for all but remember that islam brought Europe paper https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Talas

Mathematics[edit] Cryptanalysis and frequency analysis: In cryptology, the first known recorded explanation of cryptanalysis was given by 9th-century Arabian polymath, Al-Kindi (also known as "Alkindus" in Europe), in A Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages. This treatise includes the first description of the method of frequency analysis.[6][7]Food production[edit] Bridge mill: The bridge mill was a unique type of watermill that was built as part of the superstructure of a bridge. The earliest record of a bridge mill is from Córdoba, Spain in the 12th century.[8] Vertical-axle windmill: A small wind wheel operating an organ is described as early as the 1st century AD by Hero of Alexandria.[9][10] The first vertical-axle windmills were eventually built in Sistan, Persia as described by Muslim geographers. These windmills had long vertical driveshafts with rectangle shaped blades.[11] They may have been constructed as early as the time of the second Rashidun caliph Umar (634-644 AD), though some argue that this account may have been a 10th-century amendment.[12] Made of six to twelve sails covered in reed matting or cloth material, these windmills were used to grind grains and draw up water, and used in the gristmilling and sugarcane industries.[13] Horizontal axle windmills of the type generally used today, however, were developed in Northwestern Europe in the 1180s.[9][10] Drugs and medicine[edit]Further information: Medicine in the medieval Islamic world Mercuric chloride (formerly corrosive sublimate): used to disinfect wounds.[14] Smoking The Hookah Hookah or waterpipe: according to Cyril Elgood (PP.41, 110), the physician Irfan Shaikh, at the court of the Mughal emperor Akbar I (1542- 1605 AD) invented the Hookah or waterpipe used most commonly for smoking tobacco.[15][16][17][18] Yemen is thought to be where coffee drinking began Al-Kindi's 9th-century Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messageswas the first book on cryptanalysis and frequency analysis. Coffee: The earliest credible evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree appears in the middle of the 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of the Yemen in southern Arabia.[19][20] It was in Yemen that coffee beans were first roasted and brewed as they are today. From Mocha, coffee spread to Egypt and North Africa,[21] and by the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, Persia and Turkey. From the Muslim world, coffee drinking spread to Italy, then to the rest of Europe, and coffee plants were transported by the Dutch to the East Indies and to the Americas.[22]Military[edit] Marching band and military band: The marching band and military band both have their origins in the Ottoman military band, performed by the Janissary since the 16th century.[23] Hybrid trebuchet: The term Al-Ghadban (The Furious One) was applied to the hybrid trebuchet, though the usage of the term was not consistent and may have taken on a broader meaning.[24] Early Torpedoes: Syrian Al-Hassan er-Rammah's manuscript "The Book of Fighting on Horseback and With War Engines"(1280) includes the first known design for a rocket driven torpedo.[25] Music[edit] Guitar: the modern guitar is thought to have developed from the earlier Arabic instrument "Oud." Introduced through medieval Spain, the guitar was initially referred to as guitarra moresca (moorish guitar) in the 12th century.[26][27] Lute: while pre-Islamic Arabs had similar instruments, the Lute is thought to have been invented in the 11th century, and spread from Iraq to other areas under Muslim provinces.[26][28] Pottery[edit]Main article: Islamic pottery Albarello: An albarello is a type of maiolica earthenware jar originally designed to hold apothecaries' ointments and dry drugs. The development of this type of pharmacy jar had its roots in the Islamic Middle East. Fritware: It refers to a type of pottery which was first developed in the Near East, where production is dated to the late 1st millennium AD through the second millennium AD Frit was a significant ingredient. A recipe for "fritware" dating to c. 1300 AD written by Abu’l Qasim reports that the ratio of quartz to "frit-glass" to white clay is 10:1:1.[29] This type of pottery has also been referred to as "stonepaste" and "faience" among other names.[30] A 9th-century corpus of "proto-stonepaste" from Baghdad has "relict glass fragments" in its fabric.[31] Hispano-Moresque ware: This was a style of Islamic pottery created in Islamic Spain, after the Moors had introduced two ceramic techniques to Europe: glazing with an opaque white tin-glaze, and painting in metallic lusters. Hispano-Moresque ware was distinguished from the pottery of Christendom by the Islamic character of its decoration.[32] Iznik pottery: Produced in Ottoman Turkey as early as the 15th century AD[33] It consists of a body, slip, and glaze, where the body and glaze are "quartz-frit."[34] The "frits" in both cases "are unusual in that they contain lead oxideas well as soda"; the lead oxide would help reduce the thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic.[35]Microscopic analysis reveals that the material that has been labeled "frit" is "interstitial glass" which serves to connect the quartz particles.[36] Lusterware: Lustre glazes were applied to pottery in Mesopotamia in the 9th century; the technique soon became popular in Persia and Syria.[37] Earlier uses of lustre are known. Tin-glazing: The tin-glazing of ceramics was invented by Muslim potters in 8th-century Basra, Iraq. The first examples of this technique can be found as blue-painted ware in 8th-century Basra.[38] The oldest fragments found to-date were excavated from the palace of Samarra about 80 kilometres (50 miles) north of Baghdad.[39] Arabs[edit] The eye according to Hunain ibn Ishaq. From a manuscript dated circa 1200. al-Battani (850–922) was an astronomer who accurately determined the length of the solar year. He contributed to numeric tables, such as the Tables of Toledo, used by astronomers to predict the movements of the sun, moon and planets across the sky. Some of Battani's astronomic tables were later used by Copernicus. Battani also developed numeric tables which could be used to find the direction of Mecca from different locations. Knowing the direction of Mecca is important for Muslims, as this is the direction faced during prayer.[23] Ibn Ishaq al-Kindi (801–873) was a philosopher and polymath scientist heavily involved in the translation of Greek classics into Arabic. He worked to reconcile the conflicts between his Islamic faith and his affinity for reason; a conflict that would eventually lead to problems with his rulers. He criticized the basis of alchemy and astrology, and contributed to a wide range of scientific subjects in his writings. He worked on cryptography for the caliphate, and even wrote a piece on the subject of time, space and relative movement.[24] ibn al-Haytham (965–1040), also known as Alhazen, was an Arab scientist born in Basra, Iraq. Later, he moved to Egypt as an adult. Hasan Haytham worked in several fields, but is now known primarily for his achievements in astronomy and optics. He was an experimentalist who questioned the ancient Greek works of Ptolemy and Galen. At times, al-Haytham suggested Ptolomey's celestial model, and Galen's explanation of vision, had problems. The prevailing opinion of the time, Galen's opinion, was that vision involved emission of rays from the eye, an explanation al-Haytham cast doubt upon. He also studied the effects of light refraction, and suggested the mathematics of reflection and refraction needed to be consistent with the anatomy of the eye.[25] He played an important role in the development of optics, experimental physics, theoretical physics, and the scientific method. ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288) was a physician who was born in Damascus and practiced medicine as head physician at the al-Mansuri hospital in Cairo. He wrote an influential book on medicine, believed to have replaced ibn-Sina's Canon in the Islamic world – if not Europe. He wrote important commentaries on Galen and ibn-Sina's works. One of these commentaries was discovered in 1924, and yielded a description of pulmonary transit, the circulation of blood from the right to left ventricles of the heart through the lungs.[26] Moors[edit] al-Zarqali (1028–1087) was an Andalusian artisan, skilled in working sheet metal, who became a famous maker of astronomical equipment, an astronomer, and a mathematician. He developed a new design for a highly accurate astrolabe which was used for centuries afterwards. He constructed a famous water clock that attracted much attention in Toledo for centuries. He discovered that the Sun's apogee moves slowly relative to the fixed stars, and obtained a very good estimate[27] for its rate of change.[28] Abbas ibn Firnas (810–887) was an Andalusian scientist, musician and inventor. He developed a clear glass used in drinking vessels, and lenses used for magnification and the improvement of vision. He had a room in his house where the sky was simulated, including the motion of planets, stars and weather complete with clouds, thunder and lightning. He is most well known for reportedly surviving an attempt at controlled flight.[29] al-Zahrawi (936–1013) was an Andalusian surgeon who is known as the greatest surgeon of medieval Islam. His most important surviving work is referred to as al-Tasrif (Medical Knowledge). It is a 30 volume set discussing medical symptoms, treatments, and mostly pharmacology, but it is the last volume of the set which has attracted the most attention over time. This last volume is a surgical manual describing surgical instruments, supplies and procedures. Scholars studying this manual are discovering references to procedures previously believed to belong to more modern times.[30] al-Idrisi (1100–1166) was a Moroccan traveler from Ceuta, cartographer and geographer famous for a map of the world he created for Roger, the Norman King of Sicily. al-Idrisi also wrote the Book of Roger, a geographic study of the peoples, climates, resources and industries of all the world known at that time. In it, he incidentally relates the tale of a Moroccan ship blown west in the Atlantic, and returning with tales of faraway lands.[31] Persians[edit] A page from al-KhwÄrizmÄ«'s Algebra al-Khwarizmi (ca. 8th–9th centuries) was a Persian mathematician,[32] geographer and astronomer. He is regarded as the greatest mathematician of Islamic civilization. He was instrumental in the adoption of the Indian numbering system, later known as Arabic numerals. He developed algebra, which also had Indian antecedents, by introducing methods of simplifying the equations. He used Euclidean geometry in his proofs.[33] al-Razi (ca. 854–925/935) was a Persian born in Rey, Iran. He was a polymath who wrote on a variety of topics, but his most important works were in the field of medicine. He identified smallpox and measles, and recognized fever was part of the body's defenses. He wrote a 23-volume compendium of Chinese, Indian, Persian, Syriac and Greek medicine. al-Razi questioned some aspects of the classical Greek medical theory of how the four humorsregulate life processes. He challenged Galen's work on several fronts, including the treatment of bloodletting. His trial of bloodletting showed it was effective; a result we now know to be erroneous.[34] al-Farabi (ca. 870–950) was a Persian/Iranian (born in Farab, Iran) rationalist philosopher and mathematician who attempted to describe, geometrically, the repeating patterns popular in Islamic decorative motifs. His book on the subject is titled Spiritual Crafts and Natural Secrets in the Details of Geometrical Figures.[35] Avicenna (ca. 980–1037) was a Persian physician, astronomer, physicist and mathematician from Bukhara, Uzbekistan. In addition to his master work, The Canon of Medicine, he also made important astronomical observations, and discussed a variety of topics including the different forms energy can take, and the properties of light. He contributed to the development of mathematical techniques such as Casting out nines.[36] Omar Khayyam (1048–1131) was a Persian poet and mathematician who calculated the length of the year to within 5 decimal places. He found geometric solutions to all 13 forms of cubic equations. He developed some quadratic equations still in use. He is well known in the West for his poetry (rubaiyat).[37] Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) was a Persian astronomer and mathematician whose life was overshadowed by the Mongol invasions of Genghis Khan and his grandson Helagu. al-Tusi wrote an important revision to Ptolemy's celestial model, among other works. When he became Helagu's astrologer, he was furnished with an impressive observatory and gained access to Chinese techniques and observations. He developed trigonometry to the point it became a separate field, and compiled the most accurate astronomical tables available up to that time.[38] Drawing of Self trimming lamp in Ahmad ibn MÅ«sÄ ibn ShÄkir's treatise on mechanical devices. The manuscript was written in Arabic. The Banu Musa brothers, Jafar-Muhammad, Ahmad and al-Hasan (ca. early 9th century) were three Persian sons of a colorful astronomer and astrologer. They were scholars close to the court of caliph al-Ma’mun, and contributed greatly to the translation of ancient works into Arabic. They elaborated the mathematics of cones and ellipses, and performed astronomic calculations. Most notably, they contributed to the field of automation with the creations of automated devices such as the ones described in their Book of Ingenious Devices.[39][40][41] Jabir ibn Hayyan (ca. 8th – 9th centuries) was a Persian[42] alchemist who used extensive experimentation and produced many works on science and alchemy which have survived to the present day. Jabir described the laboratory techniques and experimental methods of chemistry. He identified many substances including sulfuric and nitric acid. He described processes including sublimation, reduction and distillation. He utilized equipment such as the alembic and the retort. There is considerable uncertainty as to the actual provenance of many works that are ascribed to him.[43][44] Jamshid al-Kashi (ca. 1380-1429) is credited with several theorems of trigonometry including the Law of Cosines, also known as Al-Kashi's Theorem. Furthermore, he is often credited with the invention of decimal fractions, and a method like Horner's to calculate roots. He calculated Ï€ correctly to 17 significant figures.[45] Ibn Sahl (ca. 940–1000) was a Persian physicist and optical engineer who is credited with discovering the law of refraction often referred to as Snell's law. He used the law to produce the first Aspheric lenses that focused light without geometric aberrations.[46][47] Assyrians[edit] Hunayn ibn Ishaq (809–873) was an Assyrian Nestorian Christian scholar, physician, and scientist. He was one of the most important translators of the ancient Greek works into Arabic. His translations interpreted, corrected and extended the ancient works. Some of his translations of medical works were used in Europe for centuries. He also wrote on medical subjects, particularly on the human eye. His book Ten Treatises on the Eye was influential in the West until the 17th century.[48] Thabit ibn Qurra (835–901) was a Sabian translator and mathematician from Harran, in what is now Turkey. He is known for his translations of Greek mathematics and astronomy, but as was common, he also added his own work to the translations. He is known for having calculated the solution to a chessboard problem involving an exponential series.[49]

PM me for further details

I urgently need a loan of 4 million to be repaid within a week. I do not wish to pay interest but I will pay 100,000 in handling fees for your time and 100 uranium to refund any resources spent sending the money

The only problem is some provinces are larger than others

Maybe if Muslims hadn't integrated with the west in the Middle Ages all you would have been illiterate peasants

Believe me and Moreau aren't trolls or anything of the sort. make a deliberately offensive or provocative online posting with the aim of upsetting someone or eliciting an angry response from them. "if people are obviously trolling then I'll delete your posts and do my best to ban you"

I believe this is an ooc attack.

we are not criminals. we rule by the quran and hadith and we have not violated any laws

we have a fact book for this

without arab oil theorise of petrol would be almost unaffordable. but about this. gross purchasing power has increased. which means workers have less but we believe we have more because we can go and by a shirt for £2 and dispose of it without feeling sorry

well done attacking a nation who had no alliance when they slept. a spy op where no one died and i had one committed in return

it is offers that actually aren't there

I'm using at as a loophole to drop prices and make make money. It is basically manipulation

so yesterday i had 20 bauxite up but all my bauxite was gone